机床铸件毛坯检测与高压造型的优缺点
时间：2015/12/26 10:03:47
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当机床铸件毛坯精度要求低、牛产批量坡小刊，采用木棋手工造型；当毛坯精度要求较高且产量很大时，刑治届横机器造型。七毛坏的强度要求较高业形状复杂时，可采用铸钢；有特风尘求时，可采构钢、铝等有色金属：仑届的铸造件。金届购销治性是指浇注金属时液态金属的流动性、凝固时的收缩性别拙忻倾向性等。流动件奸的余届稠料只有良好的充填铸型的能力，能够铸出大而薄的。收缩。收缩是指液态金属凝固时体积收缩利凝固后的线收缩，收的利川率，减小铸件户生变形或裂纹的可能性。偏析。偏祈是指铸件凝团员各处化学成分的不均匀，苦偏析严重、学性能变坏。铸造适用丁机床床身、支架、变速相、缸体、策休等形状较复杂的零件毛坯。其制造方法土要有砂型铸造、金届则铸造、压力铸尴、熔模铸造、离心铸退等。较常用的是砂型铸造。当机床铸件毛坯精度要求低、牛产批量坡小刊，采用木棋手工造型；当毛坯精度要求较高且产量很大时，刑治届横机器造型。七毛坏的强度要求较高业形状复杂时，可采用铸钢；有特风尘求时，可采构钢、铝等有色金属：
(1)仑届的铸造件。金届购销治性是指浇注金属时液态金属的流动性、凝固时的收缩性别拙忻倾向性等。流动件奸的余届稠料只有良好的充填铸型的能力，能够铸出大而薄的。
(2)收缩。收缩是指液态金属凝固时体积收缩利凝固后的线收缩，收的利川率，减小铸件户生变形或裂纹的可能性。
(3)偏析。偏祈是指铸件凝团员各处化学成分的不均匀，苦偏析严重、学性能变坏。
1、机床铸件造型的优点
（1）机床铸件尺寸精确，表面光洁。
（2）机床铸件重量比普通造型方法减轻10％，且重量均匀一致。铸钢件的重量偏差由普通机器造型的3％~5％降低为1％~2％；床身铸件的重量偏差由原来的1.5％降低到1％.另外，由于精度高可以减少加工余量，节约金属也节约加工工时。
（3）压实紧砂的工艺简单，易于实现自动化造型，生产效率高。
（4）降低劳动强度，改善劳动条件。很大一部分铸件，皮带轮可采用单纯压实紧砂造型方法，噪音小。
（5）砂型紧实度高，蓄热系数高，也加快了金属凝固，改善铸件内的质量，金相组织更为致密，力学性能有所提高。
（6）高压造型有较大的适应性，能制造复杂，较大的铸件。
2、机床铸件高压造型缺点
（1）设备投资大、结构复杂、庞大，多采用液压传动。为了提高机器效率一般是主机，辅机配套组成流水线。
（2）要求工艺装备精度高，刚性大，因而费用高。
（3）要求较高的设备维修和保养能力。
When the machine tool casting blank precision requirements are low, the cattle production batch slope is published, the wooden chess is used for manual modeling; when the blank precision requirements are high and the output is large, the cross-machine shape is adopted. If the strength of the seven-wool is high, the shape of the industry is complicated, and the cast steel can be used. When there is special wind and dust, the non-ferrous metals such as steel and aluminum can be used: the castings of the lun. The term of gold purchase and sale refers to the fluidity of liquid metal when pouring metal, and the tendency of shrinkage gender during solidification. The remaining thick material of the flow piece can only be cast into a large and thin shape with good ability to fill the mold. shrink. Shrinkage refers to the shrinkage of the volume after the solidification of the liquid metal, and the shrinkage of the line, which reduces the possibility of deformation or cracking of the cast. Segregation. Praying means that the chemical composition of the castings is uneven, the bitter segregation is serious, and the learning performance is deteriorated. The casting is suitable for the blanks of the more complex parts such as the bed of the machine tool, the bracket, the shifting phase, the cylinder block, and the strategy. The manufacturing method includes sand casting, gold casting, pressure casting, investment casting, centrifugal casting, and the like. More commonly used is sand casting. When the machine tool casting blank precision requirements are low, the cattle production batch slope is published, the wooden chess is used for manual modeling; when the blank precision requirements are high and the output is large, the cross-machine shape is adopted. When the strength of the seven-hair defect is high, the shape of the industry is complicated, and the cast steel can be used. When there is special wind and dust, the non-ferrous metals such as steel and aluminum can be used:
(1) The castings of the lun. The term of gold purchase and sale refers to the fluidity of liquid metal when pouring metal, and the tendency of shrinkage gender during solidification. The remaining thick material of the flow piece can only be cast into a large and thin shape with good ability to fill the mold.
(2) Shrinkage. Shrinkage refers to the shrinkage of the volume after the solidification of the liquid metal, and the shrinkage of the line, which reduces the possibility of deformation or cracking of the cast.
(3) Segregation. Praying means that the chemical composition of the castings is uneven, the bitter segregation is serious, and the learning performance is deteriorated.
1. Advantages of machine tool casting modeling
(1) Machine tool castings are accurate in size and smooth in surface.
(2) The weight of the machine tool casting is 10% lighter than the ordinary modeling method, and the weight is uniform. The weight deviation of the cast steel parts is reduced from 3% to 5% of the ordinary machine shape to 1% to 2%; the weight deviation of the bed castings is reduced from the original 1.5% to 1%. In addition, the machining allowance can be reduced due to high precision. Saving metal also saves processing time.
(3) The process of compacting and compacting sand is simple, easy to realize automatic modeling, and high production efficiency.
(4) Reduce labor intensity and improve working conditions. A large part of the castings, the pulley can be simply compacted and tight sand modeling method, the noise is small.
(5) The sand type has high compactness and high heat storage coefficient, which also accelerates the solidification of the metal, improves the quality of the casting, and the metallographic structure is more compact and the mechanical properties are improved.
(6) High-pressure molding has great adaptability and can manufacture complex and large castings.
2, machine tool casting high pressure modeling shortcomings
(1) The equipment investment is large, the structure is complex and huge, and hydraulic transmission is often used. In order to improve the efficiency of the machine is generally the host, the auxiliary machine is composed of the assembly line.
(2) The process equipment is required to have high precision and rigidity, so the cost is high.
(3) Requires higher equipment repair and maintenance capabilities.
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