铸铁平台平面度检测方法
时间：2016/1/6 8:41:34
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1、图解法：所谓图解法是一种几何作图求解法。它是以铸铁平台各测点的测量值按比例在进角坐标系上描点，用作图方式从坐标图上量取铸铁平台平面度偏差值。它有简单、直观的优点，但该法需用坐标纸准确作图，且有作图误差，适合现场使用。
2、旋转法：旋转法是将铸铁平台基面经过适当变换（旋转或平移），使测量基面和评定基面重合，获得符合最小条件的位置，通过测量数据的交换获取铸铁平台平面度误差。该法不需使用绘图或计算工具，有简便易行的优点，具体操作时常需做多次旋转，对不熟练者效率不高。但该法是最基本的方法，只要掌握旋转要领，最终必能达到目的。
3、节距法：节距法是使用桥板对被测面进行分段，由仪器读取各段前后两点测量线相对于标准直钱的倾斜角或高度差值，通过数据处理得到铸铁平台直线度、平面度误差值的一种间接测量方法。节距法又称角差法，其测量原理是把被测截线分成等距的若干挡，用水平仪或自准直仪，分别测出各挡相对于测量基准的倾斜角按1〞=0。005/1000化成弧度，乘以桥板跨距，就反映了桥板两支点之间相对于测量基准的高度差。
Introduction of flatness testing method for
cast iron platform
1. Graphic method: The so-called graphic
method is a geometric drawing method. It draws points on the angular coordinate
system in proportion to the measured values of each measuring point of the cast
iron platform. It is used to measure the flatness deviation of the cast iron
platform from the coordinate map. It has the advantages of simplicity and
intuition, but this method needs coordinate paper to draw accurately and has
drawing error, so it is suitable for field use.
2. Rotation method: Rotation method is to
transform the base surface of cast iron platform properly (rotation or
translation), so that the measured base surface coincides with the evaluated
base surface, and obtain the position that meets the minimum conditions. The
flatness error of cast iron platform is obtained by exchanging the measured
data. This method does not need to use drawing or calculating tools. It has the
advantages of simplicity and practicability. It often needs to be rotated many
times in specific operation, and is inefficient for the unskilled. But this
method is the most basic method, as long as we master the main points of
rotation, we will eventually achieve the goal.
3. Pitch method: Pitch method is an
indirect method of measuring straightness and flatness error of cast iron
platform by using bridge plate to segment the measured surface, reading the
tilt angle or height difference between the front and back measuring lines of
each section relative to the standard straight money by the instrument, and
obtaining the straightness and flatness error value of cast iron platform
through data processing. The pitch method is also called angle difference
method. Its measuring principle is to divide the measured intercept line into
several equal-distance blocks. The inclination angle of each block relative to
the measuring datum is measured by a level or an autocollimator according to
1"=0 respectively. 005/1000 turns into an arc, multiplied by the span of
the bridge slab, which reflects the height difference between the two fulcrums
of the bridge slab and the measuring datum.
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